El artículo plantea las conexiones entre la tesis de la banalidad del mal y la historia de la voluntad presente en La vida del espíritu. Interpreta Eichmann en Jerusalén como una obra sobre el mal burocrático, pero sobre todo como estudio acerca de la responsabilidad, tanto jurídica como moral. De la historia de la voluntad resalta tres aspectos que pueden ser puestos en conexión con el problema de la responsabilidad: la ontología de la contingencia, la idea de individualidad vinculada a (...) la voluntad y la capacidad de trascendencia y resistencia subyacentes en la teoría de Duns Escoto de la libertad como indiferencia. Por último, sugiere una vinculación entre la banalidad del mal y la ontología del bien desarrolladas en “Algunas cuestiones de filosofía moral”, de 1965-1966, la lucha contra el gnosticismo y la defensa de una relación entre moralidad e inteligibilidad del mal. (shrink)

Sph. 244d11–12 is a locus desperatus. Editors have suspected these lines to be corrupted. Accordingly, they have proposed multiple emendations. In my view, however, the pas sage does not need emendation but only interpretation and Schleiermacher’s construal. I argue that Sph. 244d11–12 shows that the one is not identical to a name. It shows this by analyzing what a name is and proving that the terms ‘name’ and ‘one’ are not intersubstitutable salva veritate.

How questions and why questions interact in complex ways within biological practice. One of the most fruitful accounts to think about this relation is the widely known systemic approach, which has its origin mainly in the works of Robert Cummins (1975, 1983). As we will show, this approach effectively manages to capture much of what biologists do, especially in areas such as molecular biology, neuroscience and neuroethology. Our aim with this work is to discuss the metatheoretical status of the presuppositions (...) behind systemic analysis. We will hold that these assumptions are of an empirical nature, and that they can be reconstructed as parts of a theory. (shrink)

RESUMEN Pocas polémicas en el ámbito de la filosofía de la biología han llevado tanto espacio como la que existen alrededor de la explicación funcional y del lenguaje funcional. Varios de los enfoques principales que han tratado de reconstruir este tipo de explicación y elucidar tal lenguaje, aunque fuertemente heterogéneos, comparten la idea de que el lenguaje funcional no es más que un modo de hablar del cual puede prescindirse, pues, asumen que el lenguaje funcional puede ser definido a partir (...) de (o reducido a) lenguaje no funcional. En consecuencia, la explicación funcional sería reducible a (o equivalente a) explicaciones no funcionales. En este trabajo repasaremos tales enfoques, y trataremos de defender que no funcionan en el siguiente sentido: no pueden dar cuenta de la totalidad de las atribuciones funcionales. En consecuencia, aunque pudieran ser útiles para elucidar o reconstruir algunas áreas de la biología, no cumplen con el objetivo de mostrar que el lenguaje funcional es eliminable. -/- RESUMO Poucas polêmicas no âmbito da filosofia da biologia tiveram tanto espaço como a que existe acerca da explicação funcional e da linguagem funcional. Vários dos principais enfoques que trataram de reconstruir este tipo de explicação e elucidar tal linguagem, ainda que fortemente heterogêneos, compartilham a ideia de que a linguagem funcional não é mais que um modo de falar do qual pode prescindir-se, pois, assumem que a linguagem funcional pode ser definida a partir de (ou reduzida a) linguagem não funcional. Em consequência, a explicação funcional seria reduzível a (ou equivalente a) explicações não funcionais. Neste trabalho repassaremos tais enfoques e trataremos de defender que não funcionam, no seguinte sentido: não podem dar conta da totalidade das atribuições funcionais. Em consequência, ainda que pudessem ser úteis para elucidar ou reconstruir algumas áreas da biologia, não alcançam o objetivo de mostrar que a linguagem funcional é eliminável. (shrink)

This paper is a response to H. Siegel’s “Arguing with Arguments” from a rhetorical perspective on argumentation. First I address Siegel’s concept of ‘argument in its abstract propositional sense’ and attempt to show that it is not at all an obvious object that should unquestionably be the privileged focus of argumentation theory. I then defend C. W. Tindale’s rhetorical perspective on argumentation against some of Siegel’s misreadings and also some of his legitimate disagreements regarding the relations between _persuasion_ and _rational_ (...) _justification_ and the way we should understand the source of argumentative normativity. (shrink)

This paper makes use of the concepts and theoretical framework developed within the field of Argumentation Theory to account for the structure and characteristics of abduction and of the comparative processes of weighing explanatory hypothesis. It elaborates an analysis of abduction based on its consideration as a meta-explanatory argumentation scheme while elucidating its relations with abductive reasoning and inference. The conceptualization of comparative processes of weighing explanatory hypothesis as complex and varied argumentative structures is presented as an alternative to the (...) idea of providing a formally rigid and supposedly universal account of ‘inference to the best explanation’. (shrink)

Some interpreters take the arguments at Cratylus 439D3–440C1 to argue for Forms. Some interpreters also believe that these arguments are elliptical or contain lacunae. I accept that the arguments are elliptical. However, I deny that they contain lacunae. I present the most natural construal of the text and argue that it neither trades on Forms nor postulates Forms. To make my case, I show that Cratylus 439D3–440C1 has a modest end, which is to refute a particular notion of flux.

La idea de “clasicismo” es una de las categorías más usadas en el mundo de las artes y de la estética filosófica. Sin embargo, la variedad de sus usos ha ocasionado que el término presente dificultades de interpretación y ambigüedades a quienes estudian el arte o la literatura clasicistas. El presente artículo se propone introducir algo de claridad y distinción en la discusión sobre la idea de “clasicismo”. Para ello, nos ocupamos, en primer lugar, de las cuestiones que conciernen a (...) su génesis histórica, disociándolo del concepto parejo, pero esencialmente diferente, de lo clásico. En segundo lugar, ofrecemos una caracterización de su estructura mediante una sistematización de sus cuatro sentidos principales tal y como se usan habitualmente en la bibliografía sobre el tema. De esta forma, el clasicismo se nos presenta como el problema de articular las diferentes conceptualizaciones filosóficas que se han adoptado sobre lo clásico. (shrink)

Ambiguity surrounding the effect of external engagement on academic research has raised questions about what motivates researchers to collaborate with third parties. We argue that what matters for society is research that can be absorbed by users. We define ‘openness’ as a willingness by researchers to make research more usable by external partners by responding to external influences in their own research practices. We ask what kinds of characteristics define those researchers who are more ‘open’ to creating usable knowledge. Our (...) empirical study analyses a sample of 1583 researchers working at the Spanish Council for Scientific Research. Results demonstrate that it is personal factors that determine which researchers have open behaviours. The paper concludes that policies to encourage external engagement should focus on experiences which legitimate and validate knowledge produced through user encounters, both at the academic formation career stage as well as through providing ongoing opportunities to engage with third parties. (shrink)

Contrary to current individualistic epistemology, Classical rhetoric provides us with a pragmatical and particularly dynamic conception of ‘testimony’ as a source made available for the orator by the particular community in which she acts. In order to count as usable testimony, a testimony to which one could appeal in further communications, any discourse must comply with specific rules of social sanction. A deliberate attention to the social practices in which testimony is given and assessed may offer us a more accurate (...) view of its epistemological role. (shrink)

The heroic figure is a human fiction of the wholly singular. In the hero, discourses about ideals and exemplariness, extra-ordinariness and exceptionalness, agonality, transgressivity, or good and evil become condensed into a single individual. Thus, the hero is the opposite of the masses. As it is argued in this article, the answer to the question of what distinguishes a hero lies in the supererogatory moment, the reference to the hero’s quality of more than can be expected: the heroic figure does (...) more than he or she has to, more than duty requires of an ordinary person, and this is the reason they are heroized. However, this also points to a dialectic moment of the heroic in which the opposition between the hero and the many seems to be suspended. Following Niklas Luhmann, the hero represents the paradox of conformity through deviance, because through the example of their abnormality they produce in others a desire to imitate them. In the end, there is a collective appeal of the heroic that affects even the conceptual complement of the hero: the crowd which is characterized by the disappearance of the individual within it. Inspired by Luhmann’s sociological reflections on the heroic as well as Elias Canetti’s anthropological perspectives on the phenomena of the crowd, this article traces the rhetoric of the hero along its path from the singular to the plural. Against the backdrop of the analysis of the heroic in revolutionary Iran, a generalizable typology is proposed that distinguishes between the hero, the collective of heroes, the heroic collective, and collective heroism. This order reflects a progression that is analogous to the conjunction of the one and the many, moving qualitatively from the distinct figure of the hero to the indistinguishable masses. (shrink)

El sacrificio humano es una imagen frecuente en las religiones antiguas, concretamente en la griega, y su estudio ha levantado numerosos enfrentamientos entre corrientes historiográficas distintas. Uno de los casos más sobresalientes es del culto a Zeus en el Monte Liceo, que aquí analizamos. Las fuentes literarias reflejan la creencia de los griegos en estos sacrificios humanos, así que podemos decir que los sacrificios fueron reales porque fueron usados para construir paisaje y, por lo tanto, realidad.

Abstract. This study analyses and assesses the notion of « signification » deployed in « De int. » 1 and its role in the whole of « De int. » Four main conclusions are reached: (i) The semantic observations of « De int. » 1 provide linguistic elements and linguistic background to explain contrary pairs, contradictory pairs, statement-making-sentences, and truth and falsehood. (ii) In « De int. » 1, Aristotle restricts his semantic interests to elements and relations necessary for explaining (...) contrary and contradictory pairs of assertions, and he does this at the expense of other linguistic and semantic issues that may be important for us, such as communication and linguistic content. As a consequence, Aristotle’s linguistic terminology in « De int. » 1, and the « De int. » in general, does not explicitly distinguish different senses of « signification » and obscures some aspects of the linguistic distinctions between statement-making-sentences, non-statement-making-sentences, and compound nouns. (iii) « De int. » 1 presupposes a distinction between simple vocalized-sounds and complex vocalized-sounds which implies a very rough notion of compositionality, according to which complex vocalized-sounds consist of simple vocalized-sounds. (iv) « De int. » 1 does not contain a theory of what we call « meaning », for its main concern is neither how we manage to understand or be motivated by expressions, nor what we request when we fail to understand or be motivated by an expression. (shrink)

Neste artigo argumenta-se que, de acordo com o autor de A Medicina Antiga, a medicina não se preocupa e não deve-se preocupar com o ser humano em termos gerais, mas com pessoas individuais. Assim, de acordo com A Medicina Antiga, a medicina é uma ciência do particular e consiste em uma pesquisa empírica. Por esta razão, A Medicina Antiga é talvez o primeiro reconhecimento deliberado do valor científico do conhecimento aproximado do particular.

El sacrificio humano es una imagen frecuente en las religiones antiguas, concretamente en la griega, y su estudio ha levantado numerosos enfrentamientos entre corrientes historiográficas distintas. Uno de los casos más sobresalientes es del culto a Zeus en el Monte Liceo, que aquí analizamos. Las fuentes literarias reflejan la creencia de los griegos en estos sacrificios humanos, así que podemos decir que los sacrificios fueron reales porque fueron usados para construir paisaje y, por lo tanto, realidad.

The aim of the present study is to analyze individual differences in academic self-efficacy within a population of Unaccompanied Foreign Minors from the European cities of Ceuta and Melilla. Variables describing educational level and length of stay were considered in a sample of 377 individuals being cared for in different youth centers. Of these, 63.4% belonged to the group who had stayed at the center for less than 9 months and 36.6% reported a length of stay of more than 9 (...) months. The age of participants ranged between 8 and 17 years old. Once the quality parameters of the instrument were elaborated, reliability and validity was confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis using Structural Equation Modeling methodology. Data collection was then initiated. The results overall indicate that 87.6% of those who completed the questionnaire reported a higher level of self-efficacy with regards to working with any classmate, whilst at the same time seeing themselves as capable of achieving good marks. ANOVA results indicated significant differences with respect to educational level and length of stay. In this regard, students who had received professional training and had been at the Center for more than 9 months, were the ones who developed greater academic self-efficacy for spending more time working when tasks were judged to be difficult. The results obtained demonstrate that any intervention will be positive as long as it promotes different institutions to develop strategies that cater to a length of stay of more than 9 months and target education, academic self-efficacy, socialization and strengthening the future workforce. Such interventions can be directed through new European, Spanish or local level policies. It is clear that institutions still have a lot of work left to do. (shrink)

Las páginas que siguen escogen una práctica ciudadana y un concepto ya clásico en la filosofía política, la filosofía moral o la filosofía del derecho —la Desobediencia Civil— para realizar una mirada (por fuerza general) a la reflexión filosófica italiana al respecto y su repercusión en el ámbito hispano. Y lo hacen sin olvidar que el diálogo entre la producción académica de uno y otro Estado no siempre ha sido lo fluido que podría haberse deseado y sin dejar de atender (...) a los diálogos que se han dado y dan entre quienes protagonizan y animan dinámicas de desobediencia, resistencia y disidencia. Se traza, pues, una vindicación de la práctica y teoría italianas como punto de referencia para la reflexión y la acción, aquí. En ella, las protesta contra la guerra en Irak, la experiencia de los Centros Sociales Ocupados o los hacklabs se dan la mano con nombres propios como los de Norberto Bobbio, Sergio Cotta o Antonio Negri. (shrink)

Cet ouvrage important reflète le dynamisme actuel en Espagne de la recherche en histoire des femmes, tout en vérifiant la diversité théorique, méthodologique et thématique de ce courant historiographique. Afin de faciliter la présentation nous regroupons par thèmes les 24 travaux inclus dans cette vaste publication. En premier lieu, distinguons les contributions orientées vers l’analyse théorique. Mª Isabel del Val Valdivieso dans « A modo de introducción. La historiografía en los albores del...

El trabajo con las arquitecturas vinculadas a hechos de violencia, muerte y desaparición posee una complejidad que es propia. En el caso de los “ex” CCD en nuestro país, esta complejidad supuso numerosos debates y discusiones respecto de cómo llevar adelante la institucionalización de Espacios para la Memoria en estos lugares desarrollando intervenciones que respetaran las características materiales de las arquitecturas al tiempo que permitieran la construcción de memoria.Con el objetivo de indagar las definiciones construidas en relación con la materialidad (...) y su vínculo con la construcción de memorias en el caso del “ex” CCD Virrey Cevallos, en Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, en este artículo tomamos en consideración las tareas de conservación y restauración que se llevan adelante, las tensiones que emergen en la tarea y las sectorizaciones espaciales que se configuran. ¿Cómo se trabaja con la materialidad del “ex” CCD? ¿Cuáles son las estrategias asumidas desde la intervención en su materialidad? O en todo caso, ¿qué aspectos se consideran para definir una intervención? Estas son algunas de las preguntas que el artículo se propone responder a partir del análisis de entrevistas realizadas a trabajadoras/es del hoy Espacio para la Memoria. (shrink)

This paper is an essay on metaphilosophy that reviews, describes, categorises, and discusses different ways philosophers have approached the justification of abduction as a mode of reasoning and arguing. Advocating an argumentative approach to abduction, I model the philosophical debate over its justification as the critical assessment of a warrant-establishing argument allowing “H explains D” to be used as a reason for “H can be inferred from D.” Philosophers have discussed the conditions under which such kind of generic argument can (...) be accepted, and I identify five kinds of such conditions, namely: a) dialectical/procedural restriction; b) claim restriction; c) restriction over acceptable explanatory principles; d) balancing restriction; and e) epistemic restriction. (shrink)

One of the most widely used procedures applied to non-human animals or pre-linguistic humans is the “violation of expectation paradigm”. Curiously there is almost no discussion in the philosophical literature about it. Our objective will be to provide a first approach to the meta-theoretical nature of the assumptions behind the procedure that appeals to the violation of expectation and to extract some consequences. We show that behind them exists an empirical principle that affirms that the violation of the expectation of (...) certain mental rules generates surprise. We then proceeded to discuss the nature of these “mental rules”. We show that, as is often the case with theoretical concepts proposed by theories, they do not have a fixed interpretation. This will allow us to show that the usual relationship found in the developmental psychology literature between this experimental paradigm and cognitive approaches (which interpret experimental results in terms of higher-level mental activities) is not necessary. Finally, we relate this experimental design with the mark test and the inequity aversion test and discuss the possible ampliation of the application of the empirical principle of violation of expectation. (shrink)

The topic of the presence, legitimacy and epistemic worth of narrative explanations in different kinds of scientific discourse has already enjoyed several revivals within related discussions in contemporary philosophy of science. In fact, we have recently witnessed a more extensive, more unprejudiced and ambitious attention to narrative modes of making science. I think we need a systematic theoretical framework in order to categorize these different functions of narratives and understand their role in scientific explanatory and justificatory practice. My claim is (...) that some distinctions and analytic tools developed within the field of contemporary Argumentation Theory might be of help. (shrink)

The present article offers a reflection upon the welfare systems of states which attract large numbers of immigrants and must therefore take responsibility for awarding equal rights to immigrants and avoiding their becoming new marginalised groups. To this end, a brief description is given of the evolution of the profile of immigrants, which leads to a consideration of future demand on the basis of the resources offered by the states accepting immigrants and of the new population profiles, paying special attention (...) to the variables determined by family composition , cultural aspects and the legal-administrative situation. (shrink)

The philosophical and philological study of Aristotle fragments and lost works has fallen somewhat into the background since the 1960’s. This is regrettable considering the different and innovative directions the study of Aristotle has taken in the last decades. This collection of new peer-reviewed essays applies the latest developments and trends of analysis, criticism, and methodology to the study of Aristotle’s fragments. The individual essays use the fragments as tools of interpretation, shed new light on different areas of Aristotle philosophy, (...) and lay bridges between Aristotle’s lost and extant works. The first part shows how Aristotle frames parts of his own understanding of Philosophy in his published, 'popular' work. The second part deals with issues of philosophical interpretation in Aristotle’s extant works which can be illuminated by fragments of his lost works. The philosophical issues treated in this section range from Theology to Natural Science, Psychology, Politics, and Poetics. As a whole, the book articulates a new approach to Aristotle’s lost works, by providing a reassessment and new methodological explorations of the fragments. (shrink)

_ Source: _Volume 31, Issue 2, pp 127 - 146 The aim of this paper is to trace Thomas Hobbes’s arguments for the rejection of spiritual possession in _Leviathan_. Several layers of Hobbes’s thought converge in this subject: his suggestion regarding the sovereign’s right to control religious doctrine; his mechanistic critique of incorporeal substances; his tirade against demonology and Pagan philosophy; his ideas about fear and the natural seeds of religion; his Biblical criticism. Hobbes’s reflections over the matter of spiritual (...) possession allowed him to simultaneously attack institutionalized and charismatic supernatural experiences, rejecting on Biblical as well as philosophical grounds the possibility of demonic and divine possession. This assault on traditional pneumatology led him to new interpretations of the notions of spirit and immateriality, a core element in _Leviathan_’s resignification of the interaction between nature and supernature. The paper will address Hobbes’s call for a civil exorcism―political, exegetical, and philosophical―against the spiritual powers that possess the Commonwealth. (shrink)

Las lesiones deportivas presentan una creciente prevalência, asociada con el aumento de la práctica deportiva. Tanto a niveles de competición como recreacionales, se constata una demanda del deportista para volver a la actividad de la forma más rápida y funcional posible. Se examinan en este trabajo las características de la lesión de aparato locomotor en el deporte, y las peculiaridades del proceso de rehabilitación tras el tratamiento inicial, analizándose los actuales procedimientos e infraestructura empleados para su desarrollo, desde una perspectiva (...) multidisciplinar. (shrink)

Esta experiencia describe las conclusiones extraídas de la realización de un taller de cortometraje como método terapéutico para trabajar habilidades de empoderamiento y de expresión emocional con un grupo de personas con enfermedad mental, usuarias de un centro de día. La finalización del taller culmina con un video fórum y la grabación de un video para un certamen anual de cortos sobre salud mental. Para la evaluación del taller se utilizó un proceso metodológico de carácter cualitativo basado en el grupo (...) de discusión. La mayoría destacó las experiencias positivas resultantes del programa y los efectos positivos, sobre todo a nivel creativo y emocional. (shrink)

La dimensión de los problemas sociales en México, exige mayor participación de los ciudadanos, revisando, proponiendo, vigilando y exigiendo gobiernos honestos, comprometidos en su función de servicio a la población y con resultados positivos. Se demanda contar con información verídica, de inclusión con acceso para todos. Entre las propuestas se contemplan plataformas en las redes de Internet para la transparencia y la rendición de cuentas de la Administración Pública. Este trabajo presenta un estudio exploratorio basado en una encuesta que se (...) aplicó a 100 personas en la ciudad de Querétaro en abril de 2017. El objetivo principal es detectar si las personas tienen acceso al Internet, interés por información política y si a través del gobierno electrónico se podría recuperar credibilidad y confianza. Los resultados muestran desinterés y apatía general sobre la actividad política, los mecanismos de información vigentes no son claros, ni accesibles para los involucrados, comparativamente los insumos en la cultura y el modelo tradicional de educación contrastan con las propuestas del gobierno electrónico para ciudadanías globales. La conclusión considera necesario equilibrar y actualizar planes, estrategias y esfuerzos en programas educativos que motiven y preparen, desde edades tempranas una ciudadanía políticamente activa, interesada e informada en el desarrollo del gobierno, que sepa elegir líderes políticos formados en valores cívicos y éticos y que con transparencia aseguren calidad en educación, servicios de salud, trabajo, sustento y vivienda. Palabras Clave: Educación, inclusión, gobierno electrónico, transparencia. (shrink)

El presente estudio se desarrolla en el Noroeste Mexicano en las comunidades de Guaymas, Sonora y Puerto San Carlos, Baja California Sur. Dichas comunidades representan la pesca de sardina en el Proyecto denominado “Unidades Representativas de Producción del Sector Pesquero y Acuícola” desarrollado por SAGARPA y AGROPROSPECTA, tiene como objetivo evaluar políticas públicas gubernamentales en los mercados agroalimentarios de México incluyendo recientemente al sector pesquero. Los datos se obtuvieron por medio de paneles de información donde participaron productores de sardina con (...) datos del año 2008 como base. Se trabajó con el modelo de simulación económica desarrollado para México MexSim, desarrollado en la Universidad de Texas A&M con indicadores económicos de ingresos y egresos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la URP desarrollada en Guaymas proyecta una situación económica general favorable para la actividad, mientras que la URP desarrollada en San Carlos proyecta una situación económica general moderada. (shrink)

Este trabajo muestra la percepción de la población humana asentada en las siete áreas naturales protegidas federales de Baja California Sur, desde el punto de vista del conocimiento empírico sobre los cambios en el medio ambiente y recursos naturales ante efectos del Cambio Climático (CC). Se recolectaron datos a partir de la aplicación de 250 encuestas cualitativas en 2011. Los resultados muestran que la mayor parte de la población conoce el significado de CC y que los efectos que perciben son (...) reducción en la superficie forestal por cambio en uso de suelos, reducción de la actividad pesquera por cambios en las condiciones del mar, efectos negativos en el hato ganadero y frecuencia e intensidad de huracanes, aumento en sequías, falta de agua y reducción en la actividad ecoturística por cambios en las playas. Estudios han demostrado que la valoración subjetiva de la población humana contribuye a cambios en el comportamiento mediante una estrategia de adaptación y toma de conciencia del ciudadano. (shrink)

In recent times, there have been different attempts to make an interesting use of the concept of script (as inherited from the fields of psychology and cognitive sciences) within argumentation theory. Although, in many cases, what we find under this label are computerized routines mainly used in e-learning collaborative proceses involving argumentation, either as an educational means or an educational goal, there are also other studies in which the concept of script plays a more theoretical role as the kind of (...) commonly human cognitive structure that could account for the way in which argumentation might develop in ordinary language and ordinary settings. We aim at exploring these latter possibilities, differentiating between the global ascription of the script concept to argumentation practices as procedural and regulated actions from the somewhat more suggestive association between socially shared scripts (expected narratives, plausible sequences, customary experiences, etc.) and the way some enthymemes work from an interactive, rhetorical perspective. The concept of script could help us understand some more procedural than propositional aspects of the cognitive sets shared by arguer and audience and account for the communicative success of apparently defective argumentation. (shrink)

In the modern age a specific lexicon has arisen to defend liberty and equality. This vocabulary has also been employed to defend misogynist positions and to justify the inequality between women and men. One clear example is Rousseau’s explanation of the sexual division of labour: women “naturally” decide to remain at home and look after the children while the men search for the resources necessary for the group. In this manner he intends to explain the relegation of women to the (...) private and domestic sphere. In the twentieth century this division entered in crisis due to the critical work of many feminist thinkers and groups. Among these Betty Friedan, Kate Millett and the Radicalesbians stand out. Their analyses put in question this division of spheres, their limits, their nature and their acceptance in society. Moreover they show the political scope and the power which underlies this division of labour, as well as the liberating possibilities resulting from the criticism of and the disobedience to the same. Betty Friedan denounces the social obstacles faced by women who wish to work outside the home and highlights the devastating consequences for the female psyche. Kate Millett puts in evidence the political system which oppresses women and how it colonises personal and intimate spaces. The Radicalesbians group underlines the freedom realised by woman-identified women. These feminists offer open and rich interpretations which are relevant in the present. (shrink)

En este trabajo se revisan las confluencias e influencias mutuas que se dan, de manera generalizada entre el movimiento, con objetivos marcadamente pedagógicos, del Pensamiento Crítico y las investigaciones provenientes del campo interdisciplinar de la Teoría de la Argumentación. Existiendo un cierto consenso en considerar que la pensadora crítica es un ser humano dotado de ciertas habilidades y disposiciones específicas, aquí se aborda la posible caracterización explícitamente argumentativa y particularmente interactiva y dialéctica de tales habilidades y disposiciones, explorando las aportaciones (...) realizadas por algunos teóricos de la argumentación y algunos representantes del movimiento del pensamiento crítico a tal efecto. Al resituar las habilidades y disposiciones de pensamiento crítico como intrínsecamente asociadas a la capacidad de participar activa y relevantemente en prácticas comunicativas de dar, pedir y examinar razones se hace justicia al origen pragmatista de algunos de los objetivos iniciales del movimiento del critical thinking. (shrink)

Resumen El presente texto realiza un análisis de la estructura narrativa, y de la estética y contenido de la obra cinematográfica de Fernando Arrabal Iré como un caballo loco. Más allá de su reconocida trayectoria como dramaturgo, esta obra singular construye de forma profunda y estructurada una narración compleja, llena de referentes biográficos, literarios y mediáticos, más allá de la simple apariencia de caos, confusión y absurdo. La intertextualidad de su estructura narrativa obliga a realizar un análisis cualitativo e interdisciplinar, (...) para llegar a los aspectos más escondidos e insospechados de la película, donde nada es casual. Entre las principales aportaciones se encuentran la dualidad narrativa y estructural que la conecta tanto con Esquilo como con las películas de viaje y carretera.: This article makes an analysis of the narrative structure, of the aesthetics and content of Fernando Arrabal’s film work Iré como un caballo loco. Beyond his acknowledged trajectory as a playwright, this unique work constructs -in a deep and structured way- a complex narrative, full of biographical, literary and media referents, beyond the mere appearance of chaos, confusion and absurdity. The intertextuality of its narrative structure forces a qualitative and interdisciplinary analysis to reach the most hidden and unsuspected aspects of the film, where nothing is accidental. Among the main contributions are a narrative and structural duality that connects both with Aeschylus and also with journey and road movies. (shrink)

Cada uno de los capítulos que reúne este libro es una invitación a abrir la discusión sobre ética en el trabajo de campo etnográfico, en particular sobre el problema del «consentimiento informado». Algunas de las perspectivas son coincidentes con otras en cuanto a los temas y a la forma de abordarlos, pero otras veces están en franca contradicción. Sin embargo, los autores coinciden en que los dilemas éticos tienen que ver con la relación que en cada momento se establece y (...) que, por lo tanto, no hay soluciones universales, porque los intereses y los valores que orientan la relación entre las personas tampoco lo son. Pero el hecho de que los dilemas éticos sean contextuales y dependan de la relación que en cada caso se establece, no exime de la responsabilidad de plantearlos, sino al contrario: hay que señalarlos porque no se pueden anticipar y tampoco presuponer que están resueltos. Este ejercicio supone darle la vuelta a la tela del trabajo antropológico para ver las costuras, los remiendos y los errores, lo que implica una buena dosis de humildad y a veces un doloroso ejercicio de escarbar en la intimidad y dejar expuesto lo que normalmente se oculta. (shrink)

Resilience and digital skills could be considered necessary competencies for the individual of the twenty-first century, which the current social reality suggests. For this reason we carried out a research in the institution of higher education -IES- Corporación Escuela Tecnológica del Oriente, of Bucaramanga-Colombia, which had a dual purpose: to describe resilience and digital competence in 356 of its students and establish a comparison between the values of these two aspects and those reported in other HEIs in Mexico, using a (...) quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design and descriptive scope approach, the SV-RES Resilience Scale instrument and a Questionnaire for the study of the Digital Competence of Higher Education Students. (shrink)

In this paper we will suggest that a hypertextual representation of the text allows us to show different temporal layers of reading and lets us add new ones. We use the notion “layers of reading” as a metaphor to explain how, historically, each reading of a text creates a new layer, an independent “stratum of meaning” -to use a geological term-, that is superimposed to a previous reading. We think the digital edition and the digital reading could create a philosophical (...) methodology, based on the awareness of the historical construction of each layer of reading. (shrink)

Contrary to most current epistemologists who concentrate on core cases of rather ‘spontaneous’ trust and belief in the face of assertions, Classical rhetoricians addressed the study of ‘testimony’ as an two-acts phenomenon: that of the ‘disclosure’ of information and that of the ‘appeal’ to its authority in subsequent discursive practices. Moreover, they primarily focused on this second phase as they assumed that it was such argumentative setting that finally gave ‘testimonial’ relevance to the first act. According to this ‘rhetorical’ model, (...) then, it is the dynamics and pragmatics of such complex process that is the core issue regarding ‘testimony’. (shrink)